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#1 The blockade of Germany was a transnational economic enterprise that gathered intelligence, produced knowledge, and developed policy instruments to enforce the isolation of Germany.

#2 The Allied blockade was one of the most consequential experiments in global economic governance of the twentieth century. It launched the Allies on a voyage of discovery, which led to the control of raw materials and the development of financial blockade.

#3 Manganese is a chunky, silver-gray metal found in lumps and arteries in the earth's crust. It has long been known to have the capacity to harden iron objects. In nineteenth-century Central Europe, blacksmiths used small amounts of manganese when smelting pig iron in their furnaces to produce a tougher, shiny product called Spiegeleisen.

#4 The needs of German steel producers drove considerable manganese imports. The transport infrastructure was poor, and the Russian manganese mines at Chiatura were a hotbed of revolutionary agitation.